The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. Water near the equator warms up to a higher temperature, which causes the air. Enso is associated with changes in the risk of weatherrelated. This phenomenon affects rainfall in india during the monsoon months. These patterns shift every 27 years, disrupting largescale flow of air in the tropics that triggers a cascade of global side effects. The southern oscillation refers to changes in sea level air pressure patterns in the southern pacific ocean between tahiti and darwin, australia. This name was used for the tendency of the phenomenon to arrive around christmas. How the phenomenon triggers major changes in weather patterns across the world. The most important weather processes after seasons.
Although meteorologists have known about the southern oscillation for more than a halfcentury, its. This event is associated with adverse effects on fishing, agriculture, and local weather from ecuador. The christ child in oceanography and climatology, the anomalous appearance, every few years, of unusually warm ocean conditions along the tropical west coast of south america. It is normally characterized by complex and abnormally warm ocean temperatures in the pacific ocean in the area near the equator which results in global weather events and seasurface temperature. Download pdf save to my library no abstract for this paper is available. C higher than normal for five consecutive threemonthaveraged periods. These pressure changes alter the strength of the trade winds. In this phase of the oscillation, the pool of warm water in the pacific near south america is often at its warmest about christmas.
The 201416 elnino phenomenon, according to the world meteorological organization, is one of the three strongest since 1950. The single most prominent signal in yeartoyear climate variability is the southern oscillation, which is associated with fluctuations in atmospheric pressure at sea level in the tropics, monsoon rainfall, and wintertime circulation over north america and other parts of the extratropics. Changes in wind patterns are the other necessary ingredient. The report highlights the fact that the enso phenomenon has substantial effect on world climate. C for the oceanic nino index oni 3 month running mean of ersst. Year djf jfm fma mam amj mjj jja jas aso son ond ndj. Topics such as the influence of the annual cycle, global warming, stochastic influences due to weather conditions and even offequatorial heatsinks can all be discussed using only modest analytical and numerical resources. How this phenomenon is shaping global weather this winter 20152016. The enso cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the eastcentral equatorial pacific approximately between the international date line and 120 degrees west. We analyzed fossil coral reconstructions of enso spanning the past 7000 years from the northern line islands, located in the center of action for enso. Milder than normal winters and springs occur in western, northwestern and central canada.
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